The Brutality of Japanese Imperialism to Korea Research Paper

The Brutality of Japanese Imperialism to Korea - Research Paper Example The use of Forced labor and draft from Korea 2. The subjugation of Women 3. Experimentation on the human body. The colonial period of Japanese relations with Korea is haunted with memories of the oppressed as well as narratives that describe the brutal enforcement of their policies. The Prime Minister Naoto Kan said the following, "Through the colonial rule that was against their will... the people of Korea were deprived of their nation and culture and their ethnic pride was deeply hurt," (Australian, 2010). The perpetuation of cultural genocide against the nation was an attempt to assimilate the Koreans into the Japanese way of life. This prompted Japan to promise the return of cultural relics that were confiscated during the imperial occupation. This can be described as an attempt by the Japanese to forge closer relationships with the individuals of the Korean peninsula (Australian, 2010). Mr Kan expressed his "feelings of deep remorse and heartfelt apology for the tremendous damag e and suffering brought by the colonial rule"(Australian, 2010). ... The recruitment techniques regularly involved specific coercion techniques where individuals were forced into labor against their will. By the year of 1942 the Japanese ruling class passed what is known as the National Mobilization Law which outlined the policy for forced conscription of Korean workers in factories and mines. This policy also included the involuntary relocation of Koreans which contributed to the cultural genocide that was committed against the peoples (Fukuoka, 1996). There were a total of 5.5 million Koreans who were forced into this programs where nearly 1 million of them were relocated to the main island of Japan. The workers were forced to work under conditions that were unsafe and dangerous. As a result of the conditions of the work facilities there were reports of about 60,000 workers who were killed under those conditions. The total estimated deaths between the period of 1939 and the end of the occupation was nearly 1 million. After the conflict was over, the end of the war resulted in the creation of internally displaced persons who were not allowed repatriation to either mainland Japan or the Korean peninsula. These individuals came from the area of Russia that was controlled by the Japanese empire but returned, called Sakhalin. This created what is known as Sakhalin Koreans whose existence is a testament to the brutal campaign of the Chinese. In 1985, the Japanese government offered transit rights and funding for the repatriation of the original group of Sakhalin Koreans, but roughly 1500 were returned of the time period of 2 decades. The rest refused the offer and chose to stay in Sakhalin(Lee, 1999). The National Mobilization Law

School Uniforms Essay Example for Free

School Uniforms Essay This essay will discuss about school uniforms. This is important because school uniforms is a big topic with a lot of opinion, so now i will tell my opinion about it. As an example for a pro argument is that every student would be seen as equal. And for a counter argument would be that they cant express their own individuality. It is firmly my belief that school uniforms is not needed in school. One of the most common argument that you hear is about bullying. But if someone in the school wants to bully someone they dont care about the clothes that the person is wearing. So what i mean is that even if we would have uniforms they will find something else to bully the person for. But it might make people understand that they should not judge people of what they are wearing. A lot of people talk about individuality, and a uniform would stop so that you cant express yourself through your cloths. And this is an important time in a teens life to be able to find yourself, where you belong and where you feel comfortable. And this will affect how you are as a person when you become older. But on the other hand you should be able to express yourself through your appearance not only buy clothes. A big problem with school uniforms would cost for the uniforms. It would not be that much of a cost , but if you have more than one child it would be a lot of money in the length of time and especially when the children is in the state of growing so they would need to buy new uniforms quite often. to summarize it all together, it would be hard to say to the students that they would need to wear uniforms because we need our clothes to feel safe as who we are and it would not live up to what they expected as a result if we were given uniforms. This is a big topic that have both pro and cons argument but mine opinion will always be against school uniforms.

Generations Repeated :: essays research papers

Sine the start of the town Macondo, the Buendia family has made very poor decisions in their lifetime. The choices they have made have caused the generations from then on to be repeated. Descisions that had been made in the beginning were being made in the end. In the novel, One Hundred Years Of Solitude, Gabriel Garcia Marquez displays how poor decisions made in he beginning can effect life in the future. At the end of the book, Gabriel Garcia Marquez tells how aureliano has finished classifying the alphebet of the parchments made by Melquiedes six generations before. For instance, he says, "Melquiedes revealed to him that his opportunities to return to the room were limited" (Marquez 384). Melquiedes is warning him and trying to let him know that he will never be able to leave and have a normal life outside of Macondo. The mistakes made from his ancestors had condemned him to never getting out of Macondo. Initially, One critic states that the character is wishing to treasure his origins: the cost he pays is large because, in doing so, he is obligated to forget about his future.(Alicia Borinsky) The critic is sayin the author is wishing to find his origins. Resulting from families mistakes, he will have to pay and forget about his future. Everything that his family had done in the past, he will have to pay for in the future. While reading the prophecies, Aureliano discovers the mystery of the family. For instance, the author says, "Before reading the final line, however, he had already understood that he would never leave that room, for it was foreseen that the city of mirors(or mirages) would be wiped out by the wind and exiled from the memory of men at the precise moment when Aureliano Babilonia would finish deciphering the parchments, and that everything written on them was unrepeatable since time immemorial and forever more, because races condemned to one hundred years of solitude did not havea second opportunity on earth" (Marquez 448). The prophecies tell him he will never be able to leave the city. He will be exiled from his memory of everything. One critic says, For Aureliano Babilonia, the earth of the parchments he reviews is indistinguishable from his world, the world of the town, Macondo: for Aureliano, reading as a pocket addition of the interpretation gives way to a mode of b eing. Generations Repeated :: essays research papers Sine the start of the town Macondo, the Buendia family has made very poor decisions in their lifetime. The choices they have made have caused the generations from then on to be repeated. Descisions that had been made in the beginning were being made in the end. In the novel, One Hundred Years Of Solitude, Gabriel Garcia Marquez displays how poor decisions made in he beginning can effect life in the future. At the end of the book, Gabriel Garcia Marquez tells how aureliano has finished classifying the alphebet of the parchments made by Melquiedes six generations before. For instance, he says, "Melquiedes revealed to him that his opportunities to return to the room were limited" (Marquez 384). Melquiedes is warning him and trying to let him know that he will never be able to leave and have a normal life outside of Macondo. The mistakes made from his ancestors had condemned him to never getting out of Macondo. Initially, One critic states that the character is wishing to treasure his origins: the cost he pays is large because, in doing so, he is obligated to forget about his future.(Alicia Borinsky) The critic is sayin the author is wishing to find his origins. Resulting from families mistakes, he will have to pay and forget about his future. Everything that his family had done in the past, he will have to pay for in the future. While reading the prophecies, Aureliano discovers the mystery of the family. For instance, the author says, "Before reading the final line, however, he had already understood that he would never leave that room, for it was foreseen that the city of mirors(or mirages) would be wiped out by the wind and exiled from the memory of men at the precise moment when Aureliano Babilonia would finish deciphering the parchments, and that everything written on them was unrepeatable since time immemorial and forever more, because races condemned to one hundred years of solitude did not havea second opportunity on earth" (Marquez 448). The prophecies tell him he will never be able to leave the city. He will be exiled from his memory of everything. One critic says, For Aureliano Babilonia, the earth of the parchments he reviews is indistinguishable from his world, the world of the town, Macondo: for Aureliano, reading as a pocket addition of the interpretation gives way to a mode of b eing.

total war Essay -- essays research papers

â€Å"[B]oth sides had seen, in a sad scrawl of broken earth and murdered men, the answer to the question†¦.Neither race had won, nor could win, the War. The War had won, and would go on winning.†1 These are the words of Edmund Blunden, a British soldier who survived the Battle of the Somme, who came to the realization that nobody could claim victory in the twentieth-century mass warfare, because both winners and losers paid a high price. The new type of warfare launched in the twentieth-century had a great impact on the modern world that went beyond the immediate cost of casualties.2 The psychological, social, economic and technological effect these wars had on those who survived earned this type of conflict a new name: total war, which encompassed all aspects of life. Before 1914, Western society believed in progress, peace, prosperity, reason, and the rights of the individual. During that time, people believed in the Enlightenment, and industrial developments and scie ntific breakthroughs were a daily reality apparent in the rising standard of living. But World War I crushed all hopes and dreams. It plunged society in an age of anxiety and uncertainty in almost every area of human life. The social impact of total war was also profound. The role of women changed dramatically as the war greatly expanded their activities and changed attitudes towards them. This change was brought about by the total national readjustment and the mobilization of the home front. In order to wage unrestrained warfare, belligerents had to intervene in the economies, diverting production from peacetime goods to the manufacture of munitions and military equipment. Technological advances also took place, which increased the number of â€Å"mechanical contrivances†3 such as heavy artilleries, tanks, submarines, and airplanes, which made war an â€Å"untrammeled, absolute manifestation of violence†4 as Carl von Causewitz so eloquently put it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Total war marked the beginning of a revolution in thought and ideas, where turmoil, uncertainty, and pessimism replaced the cherished values and beliefs of peace, prosperity, and progress. Men and women in the West felt â€Å"increasingly adrift in a strange, uncertain and uncontrollable world.†5 In his essay â€Å"The Crisis of the Spirit† written in 1919, Paul Valà ©ry, one of France’s most outstanding poets, wrote that Europe â€Å"doubted itsel... ... wars because of the types of weapons used. Hand grenades, machine guns, poisonous mustard gas, tanks, submarines, and airplanes were introduced for the first time. During the Second World War strategic bombing was used, as well as the form of combat called blitzkrieg. The new type of warfare launched in the twentieth century called total war had a great impact on the modern world. It plunged society into an age of uncertainty and pessimism. It also had a devastating psychological effect on the soldiers that survived the war and returned home. In addition, unlimited conflict created a social impact that was seen in the increased participation of women in the economy, and their newly gained right to vote. The â€Å"all-out† war involved as well the massive mobilization of the home front and the establishment of the first totalitarian society. The introduction of machine guns, poisonous gases, tanks, submarines, and airplanes made total war extremely deadly. Hopefully, the lessons learned from the past major wars will be applied by today’s society, and efforts will be made to avoid at all costs another total war. World War I and World War II should remain to be the Wars to End All Wars.

How Do You Ensure Pupils Understand Explanations? Essay

The purpose of this essay is to look at the ways in which a child retains information, how that information is processed and the possible barriers involved. There will be some focus on the theories of learning and the strategies and practices employed in the classroom. At this juncture it must be stated that ‘ensuring’ may be an ambiguous word, and that ‘enabling’ the understanding may be more precise, as no matter how vociferous the intention to ‘ensure’ there will always be pupils who fall through the net or may even have developed their own strategies to cope with not understanding yet leading the teacher to believe they have. Surely the answer to this statement must begin with good ‘communication’. It is recognised that communication is a ‘two way process’, starting as far back as pre-birth as stated by Elisbeth Hallett in her book ‘Soul Trek Meeting our Children on the Way to Birth’ (1995). If this idea is to stand the test of time, the pupils must therefore be given the opportunity to verbalise their level of understanding before a task is attempted. This relatively obvious procedure may not be possible in pupils with any existence of special educational need. Difficulties affecting the brain’s processing ability and auditory impairment may not always manifest themselves but will result in poor communication (Dittrich and Tutt, 2008). Therefore the need for effective two communication and pupils feeling empowered to be able to ask for help becomes a priority in teaching. Ed Balls (2007) states ‘effective communication and language skills are fundamental to young people’s learning, developing social skills and fulfilling their potential’. Whatever the age of the learner, the cognitive ability, the language or SEN barriers, good clear, age specific, decipherable communication must be the key to understanding. Piaget (cited Pound, 2005) believed that children learnt in stages dependent on age and awareness of their environment and surroundings. These stages will also impact on the ability for a child to understand an explanation. Therefore before logical thinking arrives at around 7-11 years of age, visual, tactile clues and instructions, will be  more easily absorbed. However the need still exists to enable understanding of the need to progress on to attempting and succeeding. Creating that perfect classroom setting where the teacher delivers the starter and instructions and the class independently commences the task without any clarification is an ideal not often witnessed. This could be for many reasons; the class size, noise levels or even visibility of the teacher. Psychologists such as Maslow (1954) talk about the 5 levels of need in life, from the very basics of environmental issues to self-actualisation and problem solving. Therefore being conscious of these factors, room layout, and temperature, even lighting, may influence the ability to understand and disseminate instructions independently. These physical ideals are not always possible, given the large number of pupils in the classroom. As reported in a study by the Dfe (2011), ‘research findings from England show that in smaller classes, individual pupils are the focus of a teacher’s attention for more time; there is more active interaction between pupils and teachers; and more pupil engagement’. Taking all these possible barriers into account and the different learning styles that exist, it is paramount therefore to create the correct atmosphere conducive to learning in the classroom. Planning should incorporate this and the use of good vocal skills will promote confidence and assertiveness (Bruce, 2005). Instilling a sense of self belief and esteem that encourages children to engage and be able to ask for help or explanation. However despite all these strategies being in place it must be noted that levels of understanding will differ and aiming the teaching at the correct level of ability is essential. Froebel (cited, Pound 2005) states ‘to begin where the learner is’. A valid statement that is underpinned by most theorists who believe that cognitive understanding relates to developmental stages in age and maturity. Piaget believed that learning was supported by action. That thought is developed by experiencing and active experimenting. With the knowledge of al l the impediments in place let us know consider the classroom strategies available. A tried and tested method is to ask the pupils what they think their course of action will be. For example ‘what do you think I want you to do when you have read through the text?’. (Case, 2010). This in itself for some, may take some  coding and decoding and therefore present vast possibilities of misunderstanding (Denby, 2012). Obviously the message has to be first ‘coded’ by the teacher , in other words putting it into a form that can be understood, this may be visual or written. As many theorists claim however, interpretation of the spoken word is not only auditory. Approximately 35% of meaning is in the way it is actually said and a further 55% in body language and facial expression (Mehrabian, 1971). Highlighting as previously mentioned the importance of the positioning of the teacher in the room and the classroom layout. If the pupils cannot see the teacher, they may miss important facets of the instruction that will then mean them having to fill in the gaps by guessing. As Piaget states ‘ learning is a process of active discovery’ (Piaget sited MacNaughton, 2003). As teachers there is a need to facilitate the understanding by firstly using age and ability levelled speak. If the cognitive level is pitched too high there may only be a small number of the class that understand. Merely asking â€Å"do you all understand ?â€Å", is as good as useless as Swift (2007) demonstrates. This question will leave those that haven’t understood too shy to admit it and some that think they have understood but may in fact have not. A more successful way would be to ask them to repeat back the instructions, making sure a less able pupil is asked so there is a better gauge of the whole class and not just the brightest pupils. It may be a practical task that two pupils could demonstrate to show their level of understanding, or if it’s a written task, they might offer the answer to the first question for instance. A further method for tasks that are known to the pupils, ask them what they think they have to do. This draws on prior learning and offers the teacher information for future planning also. It may be possible to just give instructions for the first part of the lesson. Stopping half way through to do a mini plenary, and then giving the second set of instructions to finish the task can also help to pace out the amount of instructions being given. Having the explanation and expected outcomes within the Learning Intention that the pupils write in their books can offer help to those who may wander off track too. Or indeed having them all written on the whiteboard or displayed on the IWB. (1339) Balls, E. (2007) Department for Children Schools and Families. [online],  available at http://www.literacytrust.org.uk/talktoyourbaby/quotes.html [Accessed 4 No 2012]. Bruce, T. (2005) Developing learning in early childhood. Buckingham: Open University Press. Case, A. (2010) Making Sure Students Understood Your Instructions. [online]. Available at http://edition.tefl.net/articles/teacher/instructions/ [Accessed 18 Nov 2012]. Denby, N. (2012) Training to Teach- A guide for students. London: Sage Publications. Department for Education, ( 2011). Economics, Evaluation and Appraisal Team Education Standards Analysis and Research Division. [online] at : https://www.education.gov.uk/publications/eOrderingDownload/DFE-RR169.pdf Dittrich,H. and Tutt, R. (2008) Educating Childern with Complex Conditions. London : Sage Publications. Hallett, E. (1995) Soul Trek: Meeting our Children on the Way to Birth. Montana : Light Heart Publishing. MacNaughton, G. (2003) Shaping Early Childhood : Learning, curriculum and context. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Maslow, A. (1954) Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. [Accessed : 16.11.12]. online at : http://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html Mehrabian, A. (1971) Silent Messages. California. Wadsworth. Pound, L. (2007) How children learn. London: Step forward publishing. Swift, S. (2007) Giving and Checking Instructions. [online] at : http://ezinearticles.com/?Giving-and-Checking-Instructions&id=404950 [Accessed : 19 Nov 2012].

DNA Technology and its Application to Disease Essay Example

DNA Technology and its Application to Disease Essay Example DNA Technology and its Application to Disease Essay DNA Technology and its Application to Disease Essay Name: Course: Lecturer: Date: DNA Technology and its Application to Disease DNA technology has noted significant progression since 1990 and has become an essential diagnostic measure within medical laboratories. First, it is utilized during the detection of diseases through replication of DNA strands associated with a given ailment. The clones are then employed in tracing the presence of ailments or faulty DNA structuring that also contributes to various ailments. This has been highly employed in the analysis of AIDS especially within developing and underdeveloped nations and thereby underlining the technology’s significance. Secondly, recombinant DNA is utilized in gene therapy where DNA replicas are created to replace defective ones (Solomon, Linda and Diana 282). DNA extracted from bone marrow acts as the best form of recombinant DNA due to high replication levels. This approach has been helpful in overcoming genetic disorders like klinefelters syndrome that is being noted in at least one in every five hundred males. With the given ailment occurre nce, DNA technology is highly demanded. The third application in DNA technology is noted in forensic work, as it is very useful in crime scenes for analysis purposes. Criminal patterns have progressed with many incidents noted as being impeccably performed and thus DNA technology becomes helpful. Fourth, DNA modification is highly useful in cultivation practices especially in the creation of resistant crops. With global warming and the enhancement of desertification in various regions, the technology has aided with the creation of crops that endure adverse weather patterns (Solomon, Linda and Diana 285). DNA technology has demonstrated its usefulness and effectuality as identified within the presented areas and therefore as more investigations are accorded for technological progression, the technique will be highly used in the future. Additionally, cost elements within the subsequent years, say three to five years, will be lower thereby creating an opportunity for enhanced usage. DNA technology has been intensively employed within the criminology field. Law enforcers have incorporated DNA knowledge with computerized systems in the creation of the Combined DNA index system, mainly referred to as CODIS that allows storage of DNA materials from individuals such that when a search is created, identification is achieved through the likening mode (Federal Bureau of Investigation, 2011). With increased crime instances, DNA testing through the CODIS has created a restraint with the system being overwhelmed by the workload. Therefore, the government cites a prospective need for the program’s expansion in a bid to effectually deal with the program’s demand. Presently, due to the change in weather patterns, the agricultural technology remains the most appropriate DNA technology from a subjective standpoint. As rainfall becomes more inadequate in various regions due to global warming, DNA technology is useful as it supports the creation of enhanced crops in terms of temperature resistance and minimal water utilization. Presently, African nations notably Kenya, Ethiopia and Somali have noted famine patterns necessitating food supplements from other regions (Mitchell, 2011). The Sub-Saharan regions and other arid sections of the world bear increased likelihood of such food deficiency. In fact, investigators have ascertained that the Sahara progresses towards the south by about ten kilometers per year. Within the US, the southwest region evidences the same tendency and climatologists have noted that within the future periods aridity will be amplified. Therefore, in anticipation of such situations DNA technology should be employed in creating favorable crops as a means of food safeguard (Solomon, Linda and Diana 285). Following this interest, I would like to study agricultural modifications on crops and employ the knowledge in assessing whether such plants hold long-term health impacts on the human populace. This is because the scientific community has been able to ascertain that DNA modified crops pos e no health challenges to individuals within the short-term yet the same cannot be said authoritatively in regard to long-term effects. Federal Bureau of Investigation. â€Å"Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs) on the CODIS Program and the National DNA Index System.† 2011. Web. 10 Aug. 2011. . Mitchell, Andrew. â€Å"Africa drought: World ‘must do more’†. BBC News UK 3 Aug. 2011. Web. 10 Aug. 2011. . Solomon, Eldra, Linda Berg and Diana Martin. Biology. Belmont: Cengage Learning, 2004. Print.

Lockes Second Treatise of Civil Government Essays

Lockes Second Treatise of Civil Government Essays Lockes Second Treatise of Civil Government Paper Lockes Second Treatise of Civil Government Paper Essay Topic: Second Treatise of Government For example, Lockers Second Treatise of Call Government contains his analysis of human nature. While keeping individuals in mind, Locke proposes certain regulations necessary for a functioning government. Lockers treatise is primarily a reflection of the Protestant Ethic and its correlation to administration. The Second Treatise of Civil Government discusses a nation of peace and safety, a society based on equality, and a country that with all of Its individuals still maintains a sense of unity. The Protestant Ethic states that persons must be rational. Consequently, Locke believes that a functioning moonwalks requires thinking reasonably and following the rules set forth by common authority. The legal systems that were put in place had to be done so carefully and skillfully. Citizens feared being taken advantage of and controlled by authority, so any changes that would take place had to keep in mind the effects the Old Regime had on its community. The Protestant Ethic evolved during a period when a growing number of people were growing skeptical to those In control. Locke clearly Illustrates that to ensure the authorities dont abuse their power the need for a man to give consent before each of the laws or punishments are carried out. The Second Treatise of Civil Government is a reflection of the peoples fear of injustices imposed by those in power. In Lockers viewpoint, authorities as well as citizens must agree to follow all laws regardless of social rank. In direct correlation to the growing skepticism of authority, Locke discusses the necessity of a man being guaranteed liberty. Man being born, as has been proved, with a title to perfect freedom, and an uncontrolled enjoyment of all the rights and privileges of the law of nature, equally with any other man Liberty means that man has free range to be an individual. The citizens demand the freedom of individuality because they feel as though they deserve to be able to do whatever they want when they want to do it (as long as they didnt inhibit another man). In order for this idea to work, Locke assumes that people have the capacity to behave sensibly and think logically. Perhaps the key component to both Lockers Second Treatise of Call Government and the Protestant Ethic described by Weber is the necessity of rationality. Weber states rationality is the key element of a functioning nation, powerful incentive to achieve worldly success by carrying out their calling or duty to promote the social welfare. If people were behaving rationally, they would realize that they had to do whatever it meant as an individual to benefit the group as a whole. In order for social welfare to succeed people need to think logically. Rationality Is key to the functioning and creation of a tangling commonwealth wader Turner explains Tanat In order Tort a person to live, en or she must be a part of a community. Locke also argues the necessity of people feeling that he or she belongs to a group. As quoted in The Second Treatise, such a fife as our nature doth desire, a life fit for the dignity of man; therefore to supply those defects and imperfections which are in us, as living single and solely by ourselves, we are naturally induced to seek communion and fellowship with others. Humans cannot survive alone. The only way for a person to stay alive is to give consent that they belong to a group. Living as a part of a group requires there be guidelines. These guidelines are imposed as laws to ensure the safety of its citizens. In the preface of his Treatise Locke states, l suppose no body hereafter will have either the confidence to appear against our common safety. It is this preface that lays the foundation for the remainder of his document, this idea of a society based on the word common. Previously in early Europe a commoner was to be regarded as a place in society one desired. This common place one held was always at the very bottom of the social order. As the nation progressed this group, which made up the majority of the population, took bold steps to legitimate their place in the social order. The word common is repeated countless times throughout Lockers treatise and correlates directly with the Protestant Ethic. Max Weber characterizes the Protestant Ethic by stating, this new ethos was an essential component of a long term cultural transformation that dramatically changed the way individuals defined themselves in relation to their society. It is not so much coincidence as it is the new mindset of people that evokes modification within a given community. Locke claims that once mindsets change, everyone must re-evaluate their place on the social ladder. Many changes were taking place at the time the Protestant Ethic spread throughout Europe. It is obvious that Locke would be aware of the Calvinist ideas and how they affected European society. There are many connections between Lockers Second Treatise and the foundational characteristics of the Protestant Ethic.

Definition and Examples of the Straw Man Fallacy

Definition and Examples of the Straw Man Fallacy The straw man is a  fallacy in which an opponents argument is overstated or misrepresented in order to be more easily attacked or refuted. The technique often takes quotes out of context or, more often, incorrectly paraphrases or summarizes an opponents position. Then after defeating the position, the attacker claims to have beaten the real thing. Although the term straw man is a recent coinage, the concept is ancient. In the Topics, Aristotle acknowledges that in argument it would be inappropriate to interpret as someones position an opinion that he did not express or is not committed to, in virtue of what he said (Douglas Walton, Methods of Argumentation). The name of the fallacy represents the idea that although a straw man may look like a human, it wont put up any resistance in a fight. The straw man fallacy also goes by the name Aunt Sally, particularly in Great Britain. Straw Man in Commercials Commercials make use of straw man fallacies. In the famous Wheres the beef? Wendys campaign, the commercials exaggerate the tiny amount of meat that other chains use in their burgers to show how much bigger and better its burgers are. Straw Man in Politics Straw man has always been the stock-in-trade of advertisers and political smear campaigns, illustrate authors Nancy Cavender and Howard Kahane in their book Logic and Contemporary Rhetoric. A group called Common Sense Issues made a million automated phone calls to voters in the 2008 South Carolina primaries claiming that John McCain has voted to use unborn babies in medical research. This was a gross distortion of his position to support research on stem cells gathered from embryos (12th ed. Wadsworth, 2014). During the 2016 presidential campaign, Donald Trump claimed that Hillary Clinton was for open borders. He took a comment out of context from a speech she gave to a Brazilian bank about trade and energy to twist it into a statement that preyed on some peoples fears of immigrants. He claimed she wanted people to be able to enter the border without going through any kind of process at all, which isnt true. His sound-byte distortion likely had an effect on voters, as immigration was a big issue in the campaign, and his repetition of the claim was easier to remember than her stances about nuances in the complex issue. Sometimes people morph the straw man into a warning about a slippery slope where allowing one side to win would put humanity on a course of destruction. Any time someone begins an attack with So youre saying we should all just... or Everyone knows..., you can bet a straw man is coming, wrote author David McRaney. Straw men can also be born out of ignorance. If someone says, Scientists tell us we all come from monkeys, and thats why I homeschool, this person is using a straw man, because science doesnt say we all come from monkeys. (You Are Not So Smart.  Penguin, 2011) Countering the Straw Man To refute a straw man attack during a debate, point out the fallacy and how it is incorrect. If you ignore it and the attacker keeps harping on it, the real issue could get buried in the straw. If you try and defend what the opponent said is your position, it gets increasingly difficult to show how the opponent distorted your views.

Development of the neural crest and its derivatives (LD) Essay

Development of the neural crest and its derivatives (LD) - Essay Example The neural crest is demonstrated in the figure below. Fig. 1. Embryo of the gray short-tailed opossum (Monodelphis domestica) at stage 24. E is the optic pit; O is the otic sulcus; PO is the preotic sulcus; 1 is the first arch neural crest; 2 is the second arch neural crest; and 3 is the region from which third arch neural crest will appear (Smith 124). As described in Wikipedia, neural crest cells can be classified into four groups according to function or their derivatives: the cranial neural crest cells, vagal and sacral neural crest cells, trunk neural crest cells, and the cardiac neural crest cells. The cranial neural crest develops into cartilage, bones, nerves, and connective tissues in the head. These cells also contribute to the formation of the skull, dentin of teeth, blood vessels, and a few skeletal muscles. This category is responsible for the craniofacial derivatives. Vagal and sacral neural crest cells give rise to parasympathetic neurons. The trunk neural crest forms the melanocytes or pigment cells, adrenal medulla, sympathetic neurons, and dorsal root ganglia. Cardiac neural crest cells form the connective tissues of the heart (Seeley, Stephens, and Tate 957). Roberto Mayor's Millennium Nucleus for Developmental Biology pointed out that the induction or stimulation of the neural crest is initiated by first inducing the neural plate and its border by bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signal inhibition. When BMP signaling is strongly inhibited, the neural plate is specified. In contrast, weak inhibition of BMP signaling leads to the specification of the neural plate border. An intermediate level of BMP activity required for the specification of the neural plate border can be created by interactions between the neural plate and epidermis. This intermediate level of BMP signaling has been tested to induce the neural crest of Xenopus (frog) and fish. Results show that the BMP signaling target, Msx1, is induced only by an intermediate level of BMP signal activity in Xenopus (Trainor and Nieto 5060). Fibroblast growth factor (FGF) and Wnt can also induce the neural crest (Trainor and Nieto 5060). According to Mayor of UCL, these signal molecules to gether with retinoic acid originate from the posterior part of the embryo and are required to specify which part of the neural plate border will give rise to the neural crest cell population. The signals elicited by the inducer molecules may either act synergistically or require interference between the involved genetic pathways to promote neural crest formation. This population will in turn give rise to the derivatives, the type of which will depend on the length of migration and final location of the cells after the travel (Trainor and Nieto 5060). Furthermore, Wikipedia stated that cells which are to become the neural crest are induced by BMP, Wnt, and FGF to express the proteins Fox3D, RhoB, and Slug and to lose expression of E-cadherin. Slug is a repressor involved in the activation of factors that dissociate tight junctions. RhoB is also responsible for cell migration by signaling cytoskeletal changes which are prerequisites of the process. E-cadherin is a marker of non-neural epithelia (Trainor and Nieto 5060). M. Bronner-Fraser emphasized that, as posted in the Scienceweek Web

Security Analysis and Redesign of a Network Coursework

Security Analysis and Redesign of a Network - Coursework Example The coursework "Security Analysis and Redesign of a Network" presents the review of the current network infrastructure of the XYZ company. The paper proposes, both theoretically and diagrammatically/graphically, a redesign of this network, offers recommendations for how or better procedures that the organization can harden both its Apache, and it IIS web servers. Further, the report presents a security policy write-up, which will guide the organization with regards to spyware, antivirus, and adware policies. Both active and passive reconnaissance was carried out on A2Z’s computers and networks, in an attempt to gather more information and find whether any open ports existed. This also enabled determine the vulnerabilities of the system so as to ensure that any existing vulnerabilities are taken care of before they are exploited by attackers. This was done using one of the most powerful network scanning tools, Nmap. Several interesting ports, including XYZDomainController at 192.168.0.1, XYZInviteDesign at 192.168.0.2, XYZ Acct at 192.160.0.3, XYZprinting at 192.168.0.4, XYZwebsrv at 192.169.0.5, and XYZChat at 192.168.0.6, were scanned. It is clear from the Nmap port scan results that XYZ’ s network server configuration is now is, is somewhat vulnerable. For instance, port 445 is set to open, which is very risky and is a vulnerability. This port, port 445, an MB port over IP is constantly being scanned by hackers, and if left open, they can easily gain remote access to the network.

Religion College Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Religion College - Essay Example process or act of making divine knowledge understood, often through direct ontological realization which transcends the human state and reaches into the divine intellect. Revelation in a religious sense can originate from God, a deity, or agents such as angels, and discloses a willed outcome, principles, behaviors, laws and doctrines. For example, most religions have religious texts viewed as sacred and revealed by the Divine, the monotheistic religions viewing them as the so-called Word of God. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revelation) There are two distinct dimensions to revelation: outer words and deeds, and subjective human experience. Miracles in the Old Testament are a prime example of the former type of revelation. Take, for example, the parting of the Red Sea in Exodus, to allow the Hebrews to pass safely through while the pursuing Egyptian army was drowned. This direct revelation of the Divine Will obviously had both positive and negative aspects since it favored the Hebrews as the Chosen People over the Egyptians who had enslaved them. Another instance of negative revelation would be the Ten Plagues which preceded the Exodus, as the Egyptian enslavers were subjected to harsher and harsher punishments for the Pharaoh ´s refusal to free the Hebrews as their leader, Moses, demanded.

Importance on maintaining Academic Honesty Essay

Importance on maintaining Academic Honesty - Essay Example This paper discusses the importance of academic integrity and honesty. Maintaining academic integrity in our institutions is extremely crucial. First, academic integrity in our institutions is a predictor of workplace honesty. It is widely said, â€Å"Practice, practice makes perfect.† This means that it hard to stop an action once hooked into it. A study carried out reveal that at least 90% of the students participate in some form of cheating either directly or indirectly in their school time. Technology and Wikis allow this where students collaborate without authority to complete their assignments. Rosati concurs with this in her study and reports a higher number of plagiarism issues due to students increasing use of World Wide Web as a research space (Rosati, 2002) The high numbers of cheating among the students means that more corrupt men and women join the workforce every year. A person who can cheat in an exam through copying or using unauthorized materials during an academic exercise is a person without objectivity. Such persons have a conditional memory and cannot make appropriate decisions when given certain authorities in a company. To remain at a competitive edge with other companies, companies need leaders who can original and innovative in the market. Academic honesty shapes a student and prepares them for their careers in future in that they learn to work with an independent mind. Secondly, maintaining academic honesty develop core values and cornerstones of educational institutions. It is the responsibility of every faculty, and educational organization to establish guidelines that every of their students should understand. Of all these guidelines, none of them is as essential as maintaining academic integrity guidelines. The code outlines the expectations of the university to the students and requires them to act with integrity and

International Corporate Finance - Business Report Essay

International Corporate Finance - Business Report - Essay Example This is because South Africa is one of the major producers of gold in the world. The Foreign Direct Investments policies of the country and a suitable market entry mode have been suggested in order to direct KM an entry path towards South Africa. Table of Contents Executive Summary 2 Introduction 5 Background 5 Mission of King Minerals Limited (KM) 6 Outline of the Study 6 Country Risk Analysis 6 Political Risk Analysis 6 Government in South Africa 8 Government Policies for Mining Industry 8 Economic or Financial Risk Analysis 9 Gold Mining Contribution to GDP 10 Gold Mining Impacts on South Africa 12 Affect of Gold Mining on the Economic Condition 12 Taxation System for Mining Industry 13 Foreign Direct Investment 14 Conclusion and Recommendations 15 References 16 Bibliography 18 Introduction Background The study aims at conducting a country risk analysis to assist the Australian Investment Bank in advising about investment opportunities in South African gold mining industry. King M inerals Limited (KM), an Australian mineral firm wanted to float an ambitious program for exploring and extracting gold in Africa, so it is important to conduct an analysis of Africa and its gold mining industry. The political, social and economic record of South Africa to a large extent is influenced by the exploration of a glittering metal called Gold. The gold mining industry played a very significant role in the economy of South Africa, with respect to its employment opportunities, exports, financial growth and a huge contribution to the revenue generated from government tax. The gold mining industry contributed about 1.4 percent to the GDP of the country in the year 2004 (Kearney, 2012). However, in 2006, the prices of gold increased as the focus was mainly on productivity and cost. The production of local gold decreased by 7.5 percent, which was about 275 tons, but in spite of this the gold industry of South Africa is in the top most producer of gold in the global market, whic h is about 11.2 percent. Gold mining sector is critical for the South African economy. In the year 2006, this sector contributed R36.7 billion to the total export of South Africa, which was about 8.4 percent, and 1.1 percent of the GDP (Chamber of Mines of South Africa. 2008). The gold industry is also linked to the other developments in the country such as the infrastructure development, formation of capital, and also urbanization. The gold industry is taxed in a much different way that the other industries of South Africa. The taxes are imposed on a formula basis, while all the other mineral industries are taxed on a flat rate in case of income tax filings. However, the tax authorities in South Africa have decided to introduce revenue system that is based on royalty for imposing tax on the gold revenue mining. This regulation has been imposed since 2009 (PWC. 2012). Mission of King Minerals Limited (KM) King Minerals Limited (KM) is committed towards creating and delivering outsta nding values to the stakeholders through the development, exploration, and mining of gold and other valuable metals. Outline of the Study The study attempts to focus on the country risk analysis of South African gold mining sector and assess the various risk factors that need to be analyzed before developing a business proposal for exploration and mining activities in South Africa for gold. The study begins with a background of the gold mining industry of South

Importance on maintaining Academic Honesty Essay

Importance on maintaining Academic Honesty - Essay Example This paper discusses the importance of academic integrity and honesty. Maintaining academic integrity in our institutions is extremely crucial. First, academic integrity in our institutions is a predictor of workplace honesty. It is widely said, â€Å"Practice, practice makes perfect.† This means that it hard to stop an action once hooked into it. A study carried out reveal that at least 90% of the students participate in some form of cheating either directly or indirectly in their school time. Technology and Wikis allow this where students collaborate without authority to complete their assignments. Rosati concurs with this in her study and reports a higher number of plagiarism issues due to students increasing use of World Wide Web as a research space (Rosati, 2002) The high numbers of cheating among the students means that more corrupt men and women join the workforce every year. A person who can cheat in an exam through copying or using unauthorized materials during an academic exercise is a person without objectivity. Such persons have a conditional memory and cannot make appropriate decisions when given certain authorities in a company. To remain at a competitive edge with other companies, companies need leaders who can original and innovative in the market. Academic honesty shapes a student and prepares them for their careers in future in that they learn to work with an independent mind. Secondly, maintaining academic honesty develop core values and cornerstones of educational institutions. It is the responsibility of every faculty, and educational organization to establish guidelines that every of their students should understand. Of all these guidelines, none of them is as essential as maintaining academic integrity guidelines. The code outlines the expectations of the university to the students and requires them to act with integrity and

Sociology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 6

Sociology - Essay Example ciologists tend to come up with theories that picture the society as a whole, or traditionally concentrate on private issues, but failed to analyze the individual’s tie-up with the society which Mills argued as totally important. With Mills’ ideas, he relates how important it is for an individual to understand the greater sociological patterns that is relevant to their private situations. Many people as he said failed to understand it because of their inclination to their personal family, neighbors or job which in turn makes them trapped in a situation wherein they will not be able to comprehend the greater sociological reason that drove them to their present social status and private problems. He establishes the linkage between the person and the society, the phenomenal interaction that exists to both, and the importance of developing a quality of mind that can grasp history and biography and the relationship that links society and an individual. The highlight of his understanding, (which can not be found in other sociologist ideas) describes that the relationship of the public issues and persons’ private troubles are closely connected, therefore arriving to an analysis that points out relativ e changes to private troubles as the society wherein an individual belongs changes too. Criticisms about symbolic interactionism appeared only when quantitative approaches to sociology have been applied. However, it could not be concluded that it does not have viable notion to social structure. Evidently, this kind of approach does not violate any quantitative sociological approaches, but on the other hand is a helpful in the broader understanding of the society. The pragmatic approach or the qualitative research method does not mean that it is removing its link to the social structure, but in the other hand it links to the social structure as the society itself produces realities that can be observed. In symbolic interactionism perspective, Blumer said that,

Police Training Essay Example for Free

Police Training Essay Nowadays professional training is paid more attention as it is one of the best ways to increase job commitment and enhance performance. I think that all police officers should have free access to formal and informal courses, seminars devoted to violent death investigation, interrelations, and criminal laws. The training programs should cover also the principle of supervision and civil liability. Training plays crucial role in today’s police work because training ensures not only organizational efficiency, but also increases effectiveness and productivity of all police departments. It goes without saying that it is hardly possible to except effective work from untrained police officers. Moreover, community doesn’t feel safe if they realize that their police officers aren’t skillful and experienced enough to defend them when necessary. Nevertheless, state funding isn’t enough to solve training dilemma because of lack of money assigned to support training programs. Without money and proper funding it would be difficult to solve the problem. The purpose of training is to promote occupational and professional development of police department through specialized job-related programs. Nevertheless, training differs significantly from education because training is so-called study in the process. Education provides only theoretical background of the particular situations, whereas training develops practical skills and acquirements in real situations. However, I think that training is the second step after education as the officer should firstly realize the aspects of actions and only then should master his skills. Harry More defines training as â€Å"something like an inchoate crime†. He means that training is continuous process and can’t be ever fully accomplished. Training is always a process. Education provides knowledge and training applies it to specific situations. The goals of trainings are: To improve police officer’s performances and job commitment; To develop the sense of responsibility in police officers. It is necessary to underline that training is designed to help individuals to cope better with challenging duties and responsibilities. Simply saying, training helps to perform job better. Training is claimed to be unique because it suggests unity within particular organization. According to More and Miller, modern police training is based on the following philosophical foundations: Positive action is ensured when accompanied by acquired skills and motivation; Learning process depends not only motivation and personal abilities, but also on the instructional methods, behavior of the trainers and the climate within department; Training is considered tripartite responsibility; Training is continuous process requiring constant updating of skills and knowledge. Finally, it is important to document all formal and informal training because it helps to identify what type of training is actually needed. Documenting is defined as task analysis aimed at ensuring the relevance of training. While documenting it becomes possible to identify the tasks performed by the person who holds the position. Also documenting ensures easy assessment of training programs. Tasks analysis helps police officers to determine whether the training program is professional enough to provide skills and knowledge required for particular job. In conclusion it is necessary to note that training develops the following professional skills in police officers: interpersonal communication skills, perception and awareness, decision-making ad critical thinking, adaptability and definitiveness, oral and written communication skills.

The Success Of Judaism

The Success Of Judaism Judaism has survived throughout history by being flexible and by admitting foreign influences into its practice. Its success in the 21st century depends on its ability to continue doing this in response to the pressures of modernity. Judaism has endured the challenges imposed upon it, by its ability to preserve deep-rooted traditions of the past. It is through maintaining customs from preceding times that defines the foundations of modern day Jewish practice, be it through observance, prayer or habit. In combination to this, its capacity to be versatile and incorporate outside influence has served to maintain its popularity as a major world faith. In order to continue its future religious success, Judaism must persist upholding the traditions that it stands for. However, in the light of pressures of modernity that arise through social change, including feminism and assimilation it must also incorporate aspects of outside influence to promote its popularity. Judaism has survived through emerging itself as a faith of tradition, including those developed in both Diasporic times as well as the biblical period. It is through the upholding of various forms of tradition that has united the global Jewish population. This is evident within prayer, observance and custom. As revealed through the practice of the Orthodox Jewish population, tradition plays a major part of defining the faith through the close following of Halakah. This is evident within the environment of Orthodox synagogue services; women are prohibited from wearing pants, those who are married must cover their heads and a mekhitzah segregates the seating between men and women. Despite social change that has provided freedom from such restrictions, Orthodox Judaism has held onto these traditions, which have acted in defining it through continuity. If such aspects were removed from the service, it would alienate the Orthodox Jewish community, as it is through such customs that have b een observed throughout generations and therefore characterizes the continuing existence of the religion. It is not solely the Orthodox community that have relied upon tradition as a means to exist. Within all strands of Judaism, tradition has played a major part in the continued existence of the faith. This is evident in relation towards Jewish practice, such as through customs observed during festivals. This includes the performing of the Passover Seder, the eating of Latkes during Chanukah and the maintenance of kashrut. It is through the participation of such traditions that identifies Jewish practice. Judaism has continued to exist through the desire to maintain tradition through historical descent. As Jacob Neusner states, the Judaic religious tradition is shaped by the historical life of the Jewish people therefore indicating how elements of Jewish historical significance have acted in forming and strengthening an attachment to the faith. This is evident when referring to various periods such as the destruction of the second Temple and the Holocaust. The destruction of the Temple led Jews to consolidate their beliefs through the emergence of Rabbinic Judaism and the tragedy of the Holocaust has stood for and continues to stand for an attachment to the faith. Poll after poll of American Jews in the 1990s found that the Holocaust surpassed Israel, Judaism, or any other factor as the basis of the Jewish Identity. Such moments of historical significance represent an increased strength of faith in times of adversity. In combination to the preservation of tradition to explain the survival of the faith, it is also evident that its continuing presence is determined through its ability to subject itself to change through time. This is evident through the emergence of various strands of Judaism that emerged after Jews were emancipated in Europe. As revealed through the surfacing of Reform Judaism with its popularity, in nineteenth century Germany, the religion has survived through its ability to adapt; they encouraged prayer in the local vernacular rather than in Hebrew, a way of diminishing the difference between them and their non-Jewish neighbours. This is an indication that as circumstances and living environments change, Judaism has adapted in order to maintain its popularity as a key religion. As Jews after Haskalah were no longer constricted to the bounds of the shtetlack, and began to interact within mainstream society, it reveals how Judaism was able to accommodate this new lifestyle through encompassing foreign influence. Apart from incorporating German (or other native language) into prayer, aspects include the introduction of a sermon, as well as the use of organ music within the service, both of which derive from Protestant worship. In the environment of the New World, Judaism continued to exist through its ability to incorporate elements of American ideology. With the development of concepts such as the melting pot, putting forward ideas of multiculturalism, America was representing and continues to represent itself as a centre of mixed ethnicity and religion that came to include Judaism; the United States isà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦a pluralistic society in which Otherness is accepted, if grudgingly at times, and diversity is tolerated and occasionally even celebrated. This is because with the influx of Immigrants that came to form modern America, Judaism provided Jews with an ethnicity to define themselves against immigrants who associated themselves through being Chinese, Italian or other nationality. The American environment therefore promoted its popularity and helped to uphold its existence. It is evident that the environment of America has influenced religious practice, as indicated through change in custom as a r esult of social change in America (and the modern world). While Orthodox Judaism has maintained tradition, and not welcomed much outside influence, the rise of the popularity of the Conservative and Reform movements indicates that social change in America has had an influence upon upholding the faith. This is evident in respect to custom, such as attitudes towards Halakah within these branches of American Judaism. Conservative Judaism, the most popular American branch of Judaism has sought its popularity through incorporating social values accepted by mainstream American society and transferring them into Jewish practice .Halakhah is presented as a historical phenomenon, capable of adjusting to meet changing realities imposed by sociology, economics, politics, science and technology. This is evident by its growing acceptance of womens influence within the synagogue service such as through the acceptance of the ordination of women Rabbis as well as the absence of a mekhitzah within prayer. Similarly, the Reform movement rejects the traditional interpretation of Halakhah and presents it as non-abiding. In practice, this leads traditional aspects of practice non-compulsory such as the abidance of the Jewish dietary laws of kashrut; they believe that the dietary laws are antiquated and serve no practical function and point out that they are a major factor in separating Jews from the rest of their fellowmen This indicates how such non-Orthodox movements introduce new thought into the faith, not derived through traditional means. To an extent, the future of Judaism relies on its ability to remain flexible and accepting of outside influence. This is because, as indicated through the popularity of Conservative and Reform synagogues, Judaism must incorporate customs of modernity to ensure it survival and strength. It is through issues of modernity such as feminism and assimilation that Judaism must respond to and accommodate in order to remain attractive to future generations, whom determine its long term success. As made apparent in Jew Vs Jew, the Conservative movement has permitted women some equality to men, as indicated through the publication of the new Conservative prayer book; The Siddur Sim Shalomà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦now included two versions of the Amidah, without the Matriarchs on page 3a and with them on 3b . It is through such developments as including recognizing women in liturgy, permitting the ordination of Rabbis and authorizing women to wear tallit and kippot that allows Judaism to reflect modernity and remain popular. However, as indicated within this instance, responding to modernity is a continuing process; Jewish feminists, such as Rachel Adler will continue to press for further reform within the traditional service to make Judaism more reflective of secular civil rights. Modernity has led Jews to live within the spheres of the secular world, which while has offered increased opportunity, socially, economically and politically, has led to an increased level of assimilation. As highlighted by Stephen Bloom through his own experience as a Jew within secular America; few of my friends learned Hebrew, few families lit candles at Shabbos dinner and few celebrated the Sabbath, assimilation constituted the diluting of Jewish practice. With the rise of assimilation into mainstream American culture, Judaism must search for new influences and measures in order to secure the future success of the faith. This is because, at present, especially within the environment of Orthodox Judaism, it is increasingly difficult to incorporate Jewish practice within the secular way of living. This is as a result of Halakha which places restrictions over modern life. This includes the prohibition of driving or working during Shabbat, dietary restrictions through the laws of kashrut and attempting to observe Jewish holidays within the calendar of the secular world. At present, such prohibitions prove to be discouraging to Jews who place high value over their secular lives, especially those in the younger generations. As it is these individuals who will determine the future existence and strength of the faith, Judaism must continue being flexible in order to survive. It is through measures as adopted by The Sinai Temple of Los Angeles with its Friday night Live services, which provide young people with a synagogue service reflective of a rock concert, encouraging wide audiences across the city that lies in future popularity of the faith. This is because it is through such methods that Jews, who would otherwise neglect Jewish practice, continue to uphold the faith. To maintain the popularity of Judaism, it has to subject itself to change. However, in doing this, it sacrifices much of the traditions, which to many Jews are definitive of the faith. It is therefore arguable that many of the changes that occur through social change and modernity sacrifice the essence of Judaism. It is due to this that explains why the Orthodox and Ultra-Orthodox strands of Judaism maintain concepts and practices that in the era of modern times can appear antiquated and sexist. This is indicated in Postville, to which indicates how Hassidic Jews have protected and continue to protect themselves from influence of secular culture in order to uphold the traditions that Judaism holds; to remain pure the Jews would not allow their children to go to Postville public schoolsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Hasidim were loathe to rely on anyone outside their Mispocheh, extended family. As evident through the elite world of Hassidim, it is revealed how Orthodox Judaism has continued and wil l continue to exist through maintaining a traditional life, according to Halakah and upholding the practice of a tight Jewish community. It is of importance to uphold the Jewish tradition in order to prevent assimilation through intermarriage. A 1990 National Jewish Population Survey concluded that an intermarriage rate of 52% existed in the United States, signifying a steady downfall of American Jewry. This is because the increase of intermarriage indicates a more remote chance that Judaism will continue to survive through future generations. In order to ensure the future existence of Judaism, the faith must emphasize the spirit of Jewish tradition through maintaining some aspects of continuity, such as the practice of the Friday night Shabbat meal and holiday observance such as the Passover Seder in order to continue to provide a strong Jewish culture that appears attractive to have the desire to maintain. On one side were Jewsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦for whom being Jewish meant keeping our Jewishness subordinate to our being American. On the other side were Orthodox Jews, who retained their religion and the daily practice of it essential to their existence. Ultra-Orthodox Jews largely disassociated themselves from mainstream American culture, which they viewed as a threat to Jewish identity. Judaism has continued and will continue to exist while there is a choice of denominations which will accommodate various needs and lifestyles. It is through the combination of maintaining elements of traditional continuity while incorporating aspects of modernity which leads to a popular faith. Although this suggests that Conservative Judaism stands as future of Jewish existence, it is because there are multiple movements within the faith that permits Judaism to continue to survive. With the differing variations of the Jewish faith, it provides and will continue to provide a choice to the modern Jew that reflects the lifestyle that he or she chooses to adopt. Work Cited Scheindlin, Ray A Short History of the Jewish People Oxford University Press (1998) Robinson, George Essential Judaism Pocket Books (2000) Freedman, Samuel Jew vs. Jew Simon and Schuster (2001) Bloom, Stephen G. Postville: A Clash of Cultures in Heartland America Harcourt (2000) Harris, Lis Holy Days, The World of a Hassidic Family Simon and Schuster (1995)

Growth in the U.K. Economy :: Economics Britain Essays

Growth in the U.K. Economy After the Second World War, Britain enjoyed the longest boom in its history until the 1973-74 oil crisis. There are many, though, who do not view this as a successful period of Britain's history. Although Britain experienced unprecedented growth, its rate of growth was slower than that for many other countries. It is therefore debatable as to whether this was a successful period of Britain's history or not. This essay will examine the statistics of Britain's growth after the Second World War and compare this to statistics for other countries as well as statistics from Britain's past. This will provide evidence to accurately assess Britain's growth performance during this period. The essay will also examine possible reasons for Britain's relative decline such as demand management Government policies, balance of payments problems, an over reliance on traditional manufacturing industries, low investment in capital stock, Trade Union power, poor management, poor business structure and a poor education system. The 25 years from 1948 to 1973 produced growth faster than had been seen in any previous period of equivalent length. During this period, real gross domestic product doubled. The increase in the average growth rate from 2% to 2.8% shows that UK productivity increased considerably. During the 1950s, there were no concerns about the UK growth rate. The standard of living was still higher than that of any other EEC country except Belgium and higher than it had ever been in Britain's history. It was twice as high as Italy and 50% higher than West Germany. When compared to the performance of other countries, though, UK growth rates are less impressive. Other EEC countries had growth rates roughly double that of the UK, between 5% and 6%. This caused great concern amongst many politicians and economists at the time. Most economists look back on the period as a failure. Elbaum and Lazonick, two North American economists say: "If there is much to be learned from the Japanese success, it is our conviction that the United States may have even more to learn from the decline of Britain The significance of a difference of 3% in the growth rate is that, if two countries have a level start, the faster growing country will have twice the output of the slower country in 25 years. This showed that Britain was in relative decline and justified some of the fears of

Solomon Asch Conformity Experiments (1951) Essays -- Social Psychology

In 1951, Solomon Asch carried out several experiments on conformity. The aim of these studies was to investigate conformity in a group environment situation. The purpose of these experiments was to see if an individual would be swayed by public pressure to go along with the incorrect answer. Asch believed that conformity reflects on relatively rational process in which people are pressured to change their behaviour. Asch designed experiments to measure the pressure of a group situation upon an individual judgment. Asch wanted to prove that conformity can really play a big role in disbelieving our own senses. Asch initiated his experiment by making one of the particpants at ease. He asked a serious of elementary questions where the four confederates answered them correctly so the fifth person also answered the question correct. This in sense gave the participant a false interpretation of the actual thinking behind Asch true experiment. The participants were asked to compare, identify and match one of three lines on the right card to the length of the line on the left card. This task was repeated several times to get a true picture of the data collated. Participants were not under any explicit demand to conform, as they received no physical or verbal coercion to do so. The specific hypothesis centered on the idea, â€Å"if group pressure can play influence and effect individuals perception, decision and attitudes†. The independent variable will be â€Å"Procedure†, and the dependent variable is the â€Å"level of conformity did change†. The experiments were quite simple, in that there was a seemingly harmless task to be performed, and the participants were instructed to choose the estimation of the lengths of a line when compared to two ... ...y is decreased. Although Asch conducted many variations on his test of conformity, and he has been criticized as being too simplistic to accurately represent true conformist behaviour his experiment has stood the test of time and examination Works Cited Anderson, M, L, Taylor, H, F. (2008). Sociology. Understanding a Diversity Society. Thomson Higher Education. Belmont. (USA). Fourth Edition. Babbie, E. (2007) The Practice of Social Research. Thomson Higher Education. Belmont. (USA) Eleven Edition. Cardwell, M. Klanagan, C. (2003). Psychology As. Nelson Thornes Limited. Cheltenham. (UK). First Edition. Crisp, R, J. Turner, R, N. (2007). Essential Social Psychology. Sage Publications Limited. London. (UK). First Edition. Macionis. J, J. Plummer, K. (2005). Sociology. A global Introduction. Pearson Education Limited. Essex. (UK) Third Edition.

Motifs in Oscar Wilde’s The Picture of Dorian Gray Essay

â€Å"If this girl can give soul to those who have lived without one, if she can create the sense of beauty in people whose lives have been sordid and ugly, if she can strip them of their selfishness and lend them tears for sorrows that are not their own, she is worthy of all your adoration, worthy of the adoration of the world† (59). Sibyl has inner beauty and Basil realizes that, but Lord Henry and Dorian only see the physical or symbolic beauty of her form. This is contrary to the reoccurring idea that beauty is only skin deep like Dorian for example he is beautiful on the outside but horrible on the inside. For the wonderful beauty that had so fascinated Basil Hallward, and many other besides him, seemed never to leave him. Even those who had heard the most evil thing against him, and from time to time strange rumours about his mode of life crept through London and became the chatter of the clubs, could not believe anything to his dishonour when they saw him† (93). Shows how society judges people by their looks. They project the desirable traits that they believe they should have, but in reality they’re the same as other people. Even though his reputation is being questioned when people see him all they see is his beauty. â€Å"He grew more and more enamored of his own beauty, more and more interested in the corruption of his own soul† (93). Morbid fascination with the portrait. Its so horrifying but he can not look away. â€Å"I have got through all that,† said Dorian, shaking his head, and smiling. â€Å"I am perfectly happy now. I know what conscience is, to begin with. It is not what you told me it was. It is the divinest thing in us. Don’t sneer at it, Harry, any more — at least, not before me. I want to be good. I can’t bear the idea of my soul being hideous. † (142). Dorian is still completely obsessed with his looks so in an attempt to purge himself he â€Å"spared an innocent thing† but because he did it because he did not want to look old and horrible it was still a selfish act. He was trying to convince himself that the death of Alan Campbell was not his fault. Conscience/Soul: â€Å"Conscience makes egotists of us all† (75). Dorian’s conscience was his portrait it showed him all the sins he committed throughout is life. It made him obsessed about his looks. The more you think of all the things you do the more you forget about the people around you. â€Å"His unreal and selfish love would yield to some higher influence, would be transformed into some nobler passion, and the portrait that Basil Hallward had painted of him would be a guide to him through life, would be to him what holiness is to some, and conscience to others, and the fear of God to us all. There were opiates for remorse, drugs that could lull the moral sense to sleep. But here was a visible symbol of the degradation of sin. Here was an ever-present sign of the ruin men brought upon their souls. † Portrait was like a mirror of his soul, his true self. The portrait would always be the one thing that would constantly remind him of all his sins in life, while opium could help him forget the things that were haunting his mind the portrait was a constant reminder of everything he did wrong. â€Å"Choice is taken from them, and conscience is either killed, or, if it lives at all lives but to give rebellion its fascination, and disobedience its charm† (139). The pursuit for pleasure is encoded in our DNA its a natural thing that we must cope with, but most times people can’t control their impulses and give in, and instead of their conscience helping them to fight the urge it is the one that pushes you to succumb to it. â€Å"The soul is a terrible reality. It can be bought, and sold, and bartered away. It can be poisoned, or made perfect. There is a soul in each one of us. I know it† (158). Dorian’s soul was corrupted after the influence of Lord Henry, and he sold it to stay young forever. A soul means nothing to Dorian he does not even believe in it anymore. â€Å"He looked round, and saw the knife that had stabbed Basil Hallward†¦. As it killed the painter, so it would kill the painter’s work, and all that that meant† (164). When Dorian stabbed the painting it was similar to when he stabbed Basil. In the beginning Basil said he put his soul into the painting, then after that it became Dorian’s soul. They were linked, he could not destroy the painting without destroying himself. Influence: He was conscious and the thought brought a gleam of pleasure into his brown agate eyes that it was through certain words of his, musical words said with musical utterance, that Dorian Gray’s soul had turned to this white girl and bowed in worship before her. To a large extent the lad was his own creation† (42). This is where Dorian starts his descent into a sinful life. Lord Henry influenced him into falling in love with â€Å"poetry† or art. The only reason he fell â€Å"in love† with Sibyl was because he saw her as living art, her passion for acting fueled his passion for her. â€Å"If one doesn’t talk about a thing, it has never happened† (79). A saying by Lord Henry, denying that something happened helps you get over it faster so you have no sorrowful feelings, you just push it out of your mind or seek pleasure to distract yourself. â€Å"A strange sense of loss came over him. He felt that Dorian Gray would never again be to him all that he had been in the past. Life had come between them.. † (58). Lord Henry’s influence ruined the pureness of Dorian. He now embraced hedonism which corrupted him and made him vain and hateful. â€Å"A man who is master of himself can end a sorrow as easily as he can invent a pleasure. I don’t want to be at the mercy of my emotions. I want to use them, to enjoy them, and to dominate them† (79). Lord Henry said something similar when Sibyl died. Its goes against the ideology of Hedonism to be sad or regretful because you are supposed to be in pursuit of happiness. â€Å"The mere fact of having publish a book of second-rate sonnets makes a man quite irresistible. He lives the poetry that he cannot write. The others write the poetry that they dare not realize† (41). This shows the relationship between Lord Henry and Dorian. Lord Henry influenced someone with the idea of Hedonism, while he himself did not completely indulge himself in that lifestyle. While Dorian is pursuing every pleasure that he can find. In a way Lord Henry is living through Dorian. Hedonism: â€Å"There was an exquisite poison in the air. I had the passion for sensations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Well, one evening about seven o’clock, I determined to go out in search of some adventure. I felt that this grey, monstrous London of ours, with its myriads of people, it sordid sinners, and its splendid sins, as you once phrased it, must have something in store for me† (35). Dorian now feels the need to satisfy his hedonistic craving. He realizes the world is not pure or innocent anymore and that there is many ways to sin and indulge himself. Pleasure is the only thing worth having a theory about†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ But I am afraid I cannot claim my theory as my own. It belongs to Nature, not me. Pleasure is Nature’s test, her sign of approval. When we are happy we are always good, but when we are good we are not always happy† (56-57). Lord Henry believes that morality does not promote happiness, and we must experience pleasure because that is a huge part of life. If everyone pursued pleasure the world would be happier and more ideal. â€Å"Believe me, no civilized man ever regrets pleasure, and no uncivilized man ever knows what pleasure is† (57). Same idea, the world is better off with pleasure, it will make the world happier, although upper class receive the most pleasure because they can afford all the luxuries of life. While lower class people can only imagine what true pleasure is because they are to busy worrying about other things they don’t the time nor fund to indulge in the finer things. â€Å"Beautiful sins, like beautiful things, are the privilege of the rich† (57). Dorian lives this saying. He lavishes himself with the most luxurious items because he has the money to do so. Having fancy objects in life is purely for the aesthetic pleasure that we receive from them, and repeating the word beautiful emphasizes and glorifies the idea of pleasure. â€Å"Difference of object does not alter singleness of passion. It merely intensifies it. We can have in life but one great experience at best, and the secret of life is to reproduce that experience as often as possible† (145). Pleasure and passion are universal emotions that can be felt anywhere. Repeating that emotion can help you feel younger, it will take you back to all the other times you felt that way, its another way of reminiscing.

Assess the Importance of Party Government in Leading to the Rise

Party government Bring disappointment to the people –Failure to educate the public about democracy to help consolidate the democratic ( People lost confidence in democracy and turned to support the political ideas advocated by extreme nationalists. It looked like democracy was not eh suitable choice of government to Japan, put hope on military, give military an opportunity to restore authoritarian rule. –Fail to protect the rights of its own country, brought humiliation to people (e. g.Paris Peace Conference: western powers rejected Japan’s demand for racial equality to be included in the Covenant of the League of Nations Washington Conference: Japan was forced to return Shangdong to China, Japan had to accept a lower tonnage of capital ships to the US and Britain. –Corrupt and unreliable politicians ( Different parties concerned with how to gain power for themselves rather than solve the problems of the country and the people –e. g. – close connection with the zaibatsu Minseito and Seiyukai –Fail to bring the military under control –Unstable government with frequent changes ( 1918-1932, six cabinets had been created. Frequent change of government made policy making difficult, so people criticized that the party government was not ruling the country efficiently and effectively. –fail to provide effective solutions to the economic crisis (1927 Banking Crisis Owing to credit crises, some bank collapsed (1929 The Great Depression Limited resources to satisfy the growing population + relied much on import of raw materials and foodstuff. In 1926, japan was already suffering from a domestic economic recession, followed by banking crisis 1927. This worsened the situation and further weakened the democratic party government -Foreign countries levied heavy custom duties on Japanese good. Because of the protectionism policy, by 1931, total exports had been reduced by 50%. This led to decrease in wages and une mployment reached 3 million. therefore, Japanese were convinced that military conquest is the only way to overcome difficulties for the economic development + support the growing population. –fail to solve the shortage of land and resources (Japanese population was growing fast in the 1920s, the problem of overpopulation and shortage of land and resources worsened the economic difficulties in 1920s and 1930s. However, the party government did nothing effective to solve the problem, so the Japanese believed that the only way to solve it was through military conquest and territorial expansion.Political –The rise of totalitarianism in Italy and Germany (1930s) set an example for Japan to follow. ( the rise of totalitarianism in Fascist Italy and Nazi Germany made the people think that dictatorship rather than democracy was more effective to solve economic problem Culture –the promotion of extreme nationalist ideas promoted militarism and territorial expansion (rise of extreme nationalist ideas -e. g. Kita Ikki wrote an outline plan for the reconstruction of japan in 1919 which advocated the idea of military dictatorship and expansionism -e. . the prime minister Tanka Giichi suggested Japan’s conquest of Asia by steps: first conquer Northeast China, then the rest of China, and finally Southeast Asia. (Setting up of extremist societies -to promote extreme nationalism and expansion -e. g. Black Dragon Society called for the invasion of China Military Japan Had a strong military tradition ( Long history of military tradition in Japan -the shogun could rule the country simply because he was militarily stronger than all other feudal lords means military strength was important and useful. Japanese warrior, samurai, were given a privileged position in feudal Japan. These men practiced Bushido which meant by Way of Warrior. They were the only people who were allowed to wear swords, a symbol of class and privilege at that time. They were highly respected highly respected in society as they protect the countries as warrior ( The continuation of the military tradition in the Meiji Constitution -they Meiji constitution gave the military a special position by allowing the Army and Navy Chiefs to report to the emperor directly.Their importance was recognized by the constitution. ( The adoption of ‘Bushido’ among the soldiers -all adult male were to serve in the army, and they were indoctrinated with Bushido thoughts, encouraging absolute loyalty to the stage. (The contributions from the military in Japan’s quest for equality -Japan’s victories in foreign wars helped Japan claim equality and raised the status of the military and strengthened militarism in Japan. Japanese believe that an expansionist policy was beneficial to Japan.

DEAF REFLECTION #2 Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

DEAF REFLECTION #2 - Coursework Example The writer tries to envision if the whole world was a bilingual community where everybody was taught sign language in the same manner they were taught how to speak using their tongues This is an important notion as people were be able to communicate easily with their and extended family of the Vineyard society. This means that there was no language barrier, and by proxy, no social barrier in this society. The writer acknowledges that there were no difficulties that the deaf children suffered on the Vineyard as the society acted as an extended family for them. From childhood, one could obtain families where one or two children in the family were deaf so this would not be a major concern in another child was born deaf. The deaf children stood a better of continuing with their education than students who could be able to hear. This is evident when the writer claims that â€Å"the recommended period of instruction in Hartford was five years but education for the deaf was available up to ten years†. On social aspects, the deaf on Martha’s Vineyard married freely. Though the number of children that were born deaf was quite high and in an alarming rate. The deaf were also able to be independent as they were able to make a living of the talents and skills they had for example a carpenter. With respect to families, the fertility was higher and there was much comparison between the children who are born when hearing and those who were deaf. The Vineyard was a safe heaven for the deaf. However s time went by things started to change, to them deafness was treated like a stigma ans something to be ashamed of. In schools, other student made fun of the deaf students as the student who could hear made fun of them and nobody wanted to learn sign language anymore. This forced the society to open schools for the deaf and lead to a total split-up of those who could hear and the deaf in the society. A perception that the society tends to uphold up to

Discovery rules Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discovery rules - Research Paper Example Although this e- discovery technique strategic move is to be implemented, it does not entirely represent a complete turn from the digital forensic but rather it is a way of natural merger scheme. Thus, this strategy involves the utilization of both techniques to achieve a more effective strategy. This will enable a complete focus on the law, policy enforcement as well as the forensic examination. The European Union needs the implementation of strategies that prevent and further control organized crimes for the future development of the union and its member states (Brown, 2003). Discussion The necessity for apt identification, analysis and significant investigation of electronic media has never been extra vital. The forever-changing risk environment accessible by cyber illegally and technical advances has essential modern analytical processes to impact on scene forensic. Investigators encounter a lot of confrontations for confining unpredictable data, conserving possible evidence and upholding the reliability of the electronic offense sight while guaranteeing the record remains feasible and available for more analytical efforts. The accomplishment of these procedures is calculated in minutes and not days. The Cyber Forensic ground procedure recommends onsite or ground advancement for supplying the identification, investigation and interpretation of digital verification in a small moment, without the prerequisite of having to acquire the scheme back to the laboratory for a thorough inspection or attaining an absolute forensic representation. The proposed form sticks to normally held forensic ethics, and does not counteract the capacity that once the original field trial is accomplished, the system storage device is to be transported back to a laboratory setting for a more systematic assessment and analysis. The CFFTPM has more over been regarded to be successfully employed in diverse genuine world cases and its analytical significance and practical approach has a lso been sufficiently verified. Furthermore, the derived proof from these cases has not yet been confronted in the court procedures where it has been initiated (Blakeslee, 2010). The forensic information is collected using the device SSD. This device utilizes silicon chips to store the forensic data of an individual. Furthermore, the machine is accountable for the dispensation data using its individual processor. For the forensic field, this device has a great impact because it can start running software routines on the data stored when supplied with power. Additionally, the device is very fast in implementing its task. It further has got more immunity to the shock and also the magnetism effect. The data can further be used as proof throughout court investigation. This device further ensures easy and quick delivery of the records to the required destination. It further guarantees safety and confidentiality of the forensic data. The procedures followed during the collection of the fo rensic data, its preservation and moreover its transportation follows a set of policy and regulation. Thus, it guarantees confidentiality and privacy as it moves from the EU to United States (Roper & Jopling, 2010). Meanwhile,

Research Designs Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Research Designs - Assignment Example This helps us to verify that the effects seen are actually due to the said Independent variable and not other factors. A true experimental design has all these components; and thus offers the most reliable data and analysis (Kerlinger, 1986). An example of a true experimental study would be when a new medicine is being tested, and different dosages are given to different groups to test it’s efficacy. A control group in not given the medicine, but a placebo instead. The dosage levels are varied as per to opinion of the professional researcher; and the sample chosen is such that it represents the larger population from which it comes. On the other hand, a cross-sectional design and a quasi-experimental design would not allow for manipulation of the independent variable or for the presence of a control group given the nature of the Independent variables under study (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008). An example of a cross-sectional study would be a study that tried to verify the type of music preferred across different age groups. Although the experimenter can choose the range of each group; there is no ‘control group’ for this study. On the other hand, a quasi-expeimental design would be one where the efficacy of different treatment options for an illness are compared (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008). The researcher cannot assign treatment options and has to collect data from participants who choose the said options. There can be a control group only if there are people who choose to abstain from treatment. The least strong type of study is one that uses a pre-experimental design (Frankfort-Nachmias & Nachmias, 2008), which only allows for comparison or observation. A typical pre-experimental design is when a group is tested for knowledge before and after a training procedure and then the two scores are compared for difference. The strength of the research design

Post traumatic stress disorder Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Post traumatic stress disorder - Research Paper Example The first public alert on the disorder was from the war veterans (Mueser, Rosenberg & Rosenberg, 2009). They spent so much time away from home, and when they came back home, they had persistent flashbacks. The flashbacks caused them to feel threatened wherever they were and could not trust anyone with their lives. Over the years, the disorder has recorded a rise and it has become a socio-cultural problem. The traumatic experiences like terrorist attacks, earthquakes, floods, kidnappings, rape, child abuse, and many others have contributed to more victims suffering from the disorder (Cash, 2006). Statistics has shown that very soon the disorder may be one of the major public health concerns (Cash, 2006). Changes in the methods of treatment are therefore necessary to curb the growing menace. Over the years, the method used for the treatment of PTDS is only focused on the short-term treatment of the disease (Steele, van der Hart and Nijenhuis, 2001). The formulation has not characterized the significant symptoms seen on the victims who have suffered prolonged mental afflictions. They are mainly attributed to repeated domestic or sexual abuse together with political torture. A substitute diagnostic formulation â€Å"complex PTSD† should replace the method of treatment. This treatment will ensure that multiple symptoms are treated, and it will deal with the long-term effect of the disease on the individual for them to heal completely (Steele, van der Hart and Nijenhuis, 2001). The current PTDS deals only with the treatment of single acute trauma and leaves out the bigger picture caused by multiple sources of trauma (Steele, van der Hart and Nijenhuis, 2001). Judith Herman, a professor of psychology at the Harvard, was the first person to propose this treatment. Her book â€Å"Trauma and Recovery† accurately spells out how the treatment should be carried out using the â€Å"complex PTDS†. Most of the clinicians have been of the

How Will Immigration and an Aging Labour Force Affect You Assignment - 1

How Will Immigration and an Aging Labour Force Affect You - Assignment Example When the majority of the immigrants are of the aging population, they put a strain on the working population and the resources of the government. At best, the aging population will work for a short while after which they will retire and start enjoying their pension. Their contribution to the general economy will immensely reduce. The government will have to tax the working age group to meet the needs of the government and to sustain the dependents, the aging population. When the aging population is composed of people older than the age of sixty-five, then the situation becomes different. This population does not contribute in any way to the economy but only spend what the economic agents produce. They lower the GDP of the economy and heavily reduce the resources of the government. They are a burden to the government and the continuous increase means the government will spend more on healthcare and pension than on productive engagements and

Attributes of Professional Bartender Essay Example for Free

Attributes of Professional Bartender Essay Bartenders know the difference between art and science. They understand that bartending is a science because in mixing drinks there are rules to follow, standards to obey and procedures to do. It is not just pouring all the drinks together in one glass and then serve it. Bartending is also an art because bartenders make an art form out of their profession. Aside from following the standards, they also use their creativity, imagination and individual way of enhancing the usual preparation of the beverage for the purpose of visual perception, odor detection, and taste stimuli. Professional bartenders possess many skills and characteristics that make them successful. 1. Good personality A bartender must have an ability to interact well with different people. He knows how to show his best asset as a bartender when he is in front of the guest. The totality of the bartender can be seen not only with his physical attributes but also through his words, actions and way of thinking. 2. Sense of humor Bartending is a serious job. This needs focus and presence of mind. But, a good bartender knows how to work properly, yet, laugh that sometimes, cracking jokes is being part of his functions. It is nice to learn that laughing is still the best medicine especially in front of unpredictable guests. 3. Well – groomed A bartender must have good personal hygiene; maintaining oneself healthy, wearing clean clothes and proper attire, keeping hair, teeth and fingernails clean and sanitary. A well – groomed appearance helps bartenders seem more approachable and professional. 4. Physical stamina Bartending is a job that requires long hours standing while preparing, mixing, serving and bussing out soiled glasses behind the bar counter. Sometimes, part of this is lifting heavy boxes and cases of drinks to set up the bar. A bartender must be physically fit and strong enough to do the day-to-day activities in the bar. 5. Basic skills in Math In bartending, the fundamental operations in Mathematics are applied. The skills learned about this in school allow the bartenders to make changes and measure drinks accurately and quickly. It also helps the bartender as well as the managers to realize their profit versus expenses at the end of every operation. 6. Multi – tasking Bars are busy especially peak nights and salary days. The bartender must make sure everything runs smoothly during his shift by learning what and how to do other tasks aside from mixing and preparing drinks. 7. Good memory Bartenders need to remember everything from drink recipes to customers’ names. Even brands of drinks, proof, country of origin, and major ingredients are needed to remember when a bartender presents and serves beverages to guests. 8. Great smile A great smile is a key since bartenders smile a lot. It does not only makes the bartender good looking and presentable, but this helps attract guests, let them feel that they are very welcome and a smile will make the first time guest, a regular guest. Bartenders must be aware of everything around them at all times. They have to know the drink levels of everyone’s beverage, and must see new customers as they approach the bar. A second set of eyes in the back of their heads would be a remarkable evolutionary improvement and in failing that, bartenders need to be constantly alert.